Semen Analysis
Semen analysis, also known as sperm analysis, is a laboratory test used to evaluate various parameters of semen and sperm quality. Here’s how semen analysis is used:
- Assessment of Male Fertility: Semen analysis is primarily used to assess male fertility by evaluating the quantity, quality, and motility of sperm in the ejaculate. The test helps determine whether a man has normal sperm production and function, which is essential for achieving pregnancy.
- Diagnosis of Male Infertility: Semen analysis is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of male infertility. Abnormalities in sperm count, morphology (shape), motility (movement), and other parameters can contribute to male infertility. Semen analysis helps identify potential causes of infertility and guides further evaluation and treatment.
- Evaluation of Sperm Concentration: Semen analysis measures the concentration of sperm in the ejaculate, expressed as millions of sperm per milliliter (million/mL). A low sperm concentration (oligospermia) may indicate reduced sperm production or impaired sperm transport within the reproductive tract, which can affect fertility.
- Assessment of Sperm Motility: Semen analysis evaluates the motility (movement) of sperm, including progressive motility (forward movement) and total motility (any movement). Motility is important for sperm to reach and fertilize the egg. Reduced sperm motility (asthenozoospermia) can impair fertility and decrease the likelihood of conception.
- Examination of Sperm Morphology: Semen analysis assesses the morphology (shape and structure) of sperm, particularly the proportion of sperm with normal morphology. Abnormal sperm morphology (teratozoospermia), characterized by misshapen or defective sperm, can affect sperm function and fertility.
- Evaluation of Semen Volume: Semen analysis measures the volume of semen produced during ejaculation. Low semen volume (hypospermia) or absence of semen (aspermia) may indicate problems with semen production or ejaculatory dysfunction.
- Detection of Other Semen Parameters: Semen analysis may also include assessment of other parameters, such as pH level, viscosity, liquefaction time (time taken for semen to become liquid), and presence of white blood cells or other abnormalities.
- Monitoring Treatment Response: Semen analysis may be repeated after treatment interventions, such as lifestyle changes, medications, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART), to monitor changes in sperm parameters and assess treatment response.