S. Potassium
Potassium, also known as serum potassium, refers to the measurement of potassium levels in the blood serum. Evaluation of serum potassium levels is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, including:
- Electrolyte imbalances: Both hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) and hypokalemia (low potassium levels) can have serious health consequences, including cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and even paralysis.
- Kidney disorders: Abnormal potassium levels may indicate impaired kidney function or kidney disease, as the kidneys are responsible for regulating potassium levels in the body.
- Diabetes: Potassium levels may be affected in individuals with diabetes, particularly in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can lead to hyperkalemia due to shifts in potassium levels.
- Certain medications: Some medications, such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and potassium-sparing diuretics, can affect potassium levels in the body.
- Acid-base disorders: Potassium levels may be altered in conditions such as metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.