Serum Prolactin (S. prolactin)
Serum prolactin (S. prolactin) testing is utilized primarily to evaluate:
- Prolactinomas and other pituitary disorders: Elevated prolactin levels may indicate the presence of a prolactinoma, a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that produces excess prolactin. Prolactinomas can lead to symptoms such as galactorrhea (inappropriate lactation), amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), infertility, and decreased libido. Serum prolactin testing helps diagnose prolactinomas and other pituitary disorders and guides treatment decisions.
- Evaluation of hyperprolactinemia: Hyperprolactinemia, or elevated levels of prolactin in the blood, can occur due to various factors, including prolactinomas, medication side effects (such as antipsychotic drugs), stress, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and certain medical conditions (such as hypothyroidism or kidney disease). Serum prolactin testing helps identify the underlying cause of hyperprolactinemia and guide management strategies.
- Assessment of reproductive disorders: Prolactin plays a role in regulating reproductive function, and abnormal prolactin levels can affect fertility and menstrual cycles. High prolactin levels can lead to menstrual irregularities, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility in both men and women. Serum prolactin testing is performed as part of the evaluation for reproductive disorders, such as infertility, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, or galactorrhea.
- Monitoring of treatment response: Serum prolactin levels may be monitored to assess the response to treatment in individuals with hyperprolactinemia or prolactinomas. Treatment options may include dopamine agonist medications (such as bromocriptine or cabergoline) to lower prolactin levels and shrink prolactinomas. Regular monitoring helps evaluate treatment efficacy and adjust therapy as needed.
- Evaluation of pituitary function: Prolactin is one of several hormones produced by the pituitary gland, and abnormal prolactin levels can indicate dysfunction of the pituitary gland. Serum prolactin testing may be performed as part of the evaluation for pituitary disorders or to assess pituitary function in individuals with symptoms suggestive of pituitary dysfunction, such as headaches, visual disturbances, or hormone imbalances.