Serum Calcium (S. Calcium)
Serum Calcium (S. Calcium) is a laboratory test that measures the concentration of calcium in the blood serum. It is used to evaluate various aspects of calcium metabolism and to assess an individual’s calcium status. Here’s how serum calcium is utilized:
- Assessment of calcium homeostasis: Serum calcium levels are tightly regulated by hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D to maintain calcium balance in the body. Serum calcium testing helps assess the adequacy of calcium regulation and homeostasis.
- Diagnosis of calcium-related disorders: Abnormal serum calcium levels can indicate underlying medical conditions affecting calcium metabolism. High serum calcium levels (hypercalcemia) may be seen in conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, vitamin D toxicity, or certain medications. Low serum calcium levels (hypocalcemia) may occur in hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, or malabsorption disorders.
- Evaluation of parathyroid function: Serum calcium levels, along with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, are often measured together to assess parathyroid function. Abnormalities in serum calcium and PTH levels may indicate disorders of the parathyroid glands, such as hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism.
- Assessment of bone health: Calcium is essential for bone formation and maintenance of bone density. Serum calcium levels may be used, along with other bone markers and imaging studies, to assess bone health and risk of osteoporosis or bone fractures.
- Monitoring treatment response: Serum calcium levels may be monitored to assess the response to treatment in individuals with calcium-related disorders. Changes in serum calcium levels over time can indicate the effectiveness of interventions such as medication therapy, dietary changes, or surgical interventions.
- Evaluation of nutritional status: Serum calcium levels can provide information about an individual's dietary intake of calcium and overall nutritional status. Low serum calcium levels may suggest inadequate dietary calcium intake or malabsorption of calcium.
- Screening for electrolyte imbalances: Serum calcium testing is often included in routine electrolyte panels to screen for electrolyte imbalances. Abnormal serum calcium levels may indicate disturbances in electrolyte balance that require further evaluation and management.